Welcome to Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation
The Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation was established in 1990 with the mission to guarantee the Encyclopædia Iranica's intellectual independence and ensure its ongoing publication both in digital and print versions. Learn More
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Cinema Iranica
Cinema Iranica provides historical articles on movies, genres, film movements, filmographies, directors, composers, stars, cinematographers ...
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Women Poets Iranica
Women Poets Iranica is an integrative encyclopedia of postclassical, modern, and contemporary women poets.
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Encyclopædia Iranica
The Encyclopædia Iranica is a comprehensive research tool dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.
Featured Articles
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ASTARA ii. Population, 1956-2011
This article deals with the growth of Astara from 1956 to 2011, age structure, average household size, literacy rate, and economic activity status.
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FIREARMS ii. PRODUCTION OF CANNON AND MUSKETS
By the last quarter of the 16th century, cannon-making was so common that cannons were constructed even on the spot during siege operations.